Best Action Cameras for Vlogging

The first vlog I shot on a proper action camera came out looking like security footage from a 2009 parking lot - shaky, washed out, and somehow both overexposed and dark at the same time. That was four cameras ago. After running all five of these through hiking trails, city streets, and genuinely questionable weather conditions, what works and what falls apart in real use is pretty clear.

Vlogging with an action camera is a different problem than filming action sports. You're close to the lens, often shooting yourself, often dealing with variable light between shade and direct sun, and you need audio that sounds like a person - not a wind event. What separates the field now is sensor size, low-light behavior, screen design for self-framing, and how well the microphone holds up when you're walking and talking. These five cameras cover the realistic range from entry-level to serious creator tools.

Short on time? These two are the strongest picks for vloggers specifically:

Table of Contents:

• Best Action Cameras for Vlogging: Buying Guide
• Top 5 Action Cameras for Vlogging in 2026
• Action Camera Comparison
• DJI Osmo Action 6
• GoPro HERO13 Black
• Insta360 Ace Pro 2
• AKASO Brave 8
• WOLFANG GA420
• Action Camera FAQ

Best Action Cameras for Vlogging: Buying Guide

Action cameras were designed for POV footage of people doing dangerous things at speed. Vlogging is technically the opposite - slow, deliberate, often stationary, almost always pointed back at the person holding the camera. The features that make an action camera good at one don't automatically translate to the other. Here's what actually matters when the goal is talking to camera in real conditions rather than strapping the thing to a helmet.

Sensor Size and Low-Light Performance

Action cameras are small, and small sensors have a structural disadvantage in low light - individual photosites capture less light, which means the signal amplifies along with the noise at higher ISOs. The flagship cameras in this guide have closed that gap substantially. The DJI Osmo Action 6's 1/1.1-inch square sensor is the largest in this category, handling outdoor lighting transitions - walking from a sunny street into a shaded alley, for example - without the blown highlights or crushed shadows that smaller sensors produce. The Insta360 Ace Pro 2 runs a 1/1.3-inch sensor with a dual-chip denoising system that compensates aggressively for what the hardware can't collect on its own. Both perform well in golden-hour and interior shooting that would have required a mirrorless camera two years ago.

For vlogging specifically, prioritize sensor performance over maximum resolution. Clean 4K footage beats noisy 8K every time, and most platforms deliver content at resolutions where the difference is invisible anyway.

The budget options - AKASO Brave 8 and WOLFANG GA420 - use 1/2-inch class sensors. In good light, they produce perfectly watchable footage. Once the sun drops or you move indoors, the limitations show up clearly in the form of visible grain and flattened shadow detail. If your vlogging happens exclusively outdoors in daylight, this trade-off is manageable. For anything involving variable or artificial light, the sensor size gap between the budget and mid-range tiers is audible in the final cut.

Self-Framing: Front Screens vs. Flip Screens

This is where vlogging diverges most sharply from sports use. When the camera points at your face, you need to see what the camera sees - otherwise you're guessing at framing every time. The traditional action camera solution is a small secondary display at the front, which shows a low-resolution live view adequate for centering yourself in frame. DJI uses a 1.46-inch OLED front display on the Osmo Action 6, which is bright enough to read in direct sunlight and shows enough detail for confident framing.

GoPro's 1.4-inch front screen works the same way. The Insta360 Ace Pro 2 takes a different approach with a full-size flip screen - the main display physically rotates 180 degrees to face forward, giving you a substantially larger and more detailed preview than any fixed front display. The practical trade-off is that the flip screen takes a second to deploy when you switch from filming the environment to filming yourself, whereas the front display is always there. For sessions where you're consistently talking to camera, it provides a meaningfully better framing experience than any fixed front display.

Stabilization for Walking and Talking

Modern action camera stabilization has reached a point where the worst option in this guide still produces footage smooth enough for YouTube. The meaningful differences show up at the extremes - running, rough terrain, or aggressive camera motion. GoPro's HyperSmooth 6.0 remains the benchmark for maintaining image quality under stabilization - it applies the smallest effective crop while delivering highly stable footage. DJI's RockSteady 4.0 with HorizonSteady is competitive, adding horizon leveling that keeps the frame level regardless of how much the camera tilts. Insta360's FlowState stabilization with 360-degree horizon lock is similarly capable.

For walking and talking on normal terrain, any of the three flagships stabilizes well enough that viewers won't notice the camera moving. The budget options stabilize adequately for walking but show more artifact under faster motion.

Audio Quality for Voice-Forward Content

The microphone situation on action cameras has been a weak point for years. Wind noise, handling noise, and the physical constraints of packaging a mic into a waterproof body have pushed vloggers toward external mics almost by default. Several cameras in this guide have made real improvements. The DJI Osmo Action 6 integrates directly with DJI Mic transmitters - two wireless transmitters connect to the camera without a receiver, using a 32-bit float recording path that handles clipping much more gracefully than standard digital audio.

The Insta360 Ace Pro 2 ships with a physical wind guard that makes an audible difference in outdoor conditions, and its voice focus processing suppresses background traffic and ambient noise without the metallic artifacts common in software-only noise reduction. If clean on-camera audio matters to your production, the camera's microphone ecosystem deserves as much attention as its video specs.

Variable Aperture and Creative Control

Action cameras have historically shipped with fixed apertures, which means the only way to control exposure in bright conditions was through ND filters or digital workarounds. The DJI Osmo Action 6 introduces a variable aperture system - f/2.0 to f/4.0 - that lets you open up in low light or stop down in direct sun without reaching for a filter. It also produces mild background separation when used with the optional macro lens, which is the closest any action camera has come to the shallow depth-of-field look associated with larger sensor cameras.

This feature is genuinely new territory for the category and changes what's creatively achievable with an action camera as a vlogging tool. The other cameras in this guide work with fixed apertures, which limits exposure control to ISO and shutter speed adjustments within whatever lighting conditions you're shooting in.

Top 5 Action Cameras for Vlogging in 2026

Each of the cameras below has been evaluated for vlogging use specifically - not POV sports footage, not underwater color correction. The rankings account for self-framing capability, audio quality, stabilization performance during walking and talking, and the balance between image quality and practical usability for solo creators.

Action Camera Comparison Table

Key specs across all five cameras for direct comparison:

The DJI Osmo Action 6 leads on sensor size, internal storage, and wireless audio integration. The GoPro HERO13 Black has the most developed lens accessory system. The Insta360 Ace Pro 2 offers the largest front-facing display via its flip screen and the highest maximum resolution. The AKASO and WOLFANG serve different budget priorities with solid core specs and comprehensive accessory packages.

DJI Osmo Action 6 Review

Editor's Choice

The DJI Osmo Action 6 changes what an action camera can do for vloggers in two ways that nothing else in the category has managed: a variable aperture and a square sensor. The variable aperture - f/2.0 to f/4.0 - handles the daylight-to-shade transition without the manual filter swapping that fixed-aperture cameras require. Open it up indoors to let in more light - close it down under direct sun to control overexposure. The square 1/1.1-inch sensor means you can shoot in native 4:3, crop to vertical for Reels and Shorts, or crop to 16:9 for YouTube - all from the same clip, at full 4K resolution per output format. That's a workflow change for anyone producing content across multiple platforms from a single shoot.

The DJI Mic ecosystem integration is the most practical wireless audio solution currently available on any action camera. Two DJI Mic transmitters connect directly to the Osmo Action 6 without a separate receiver - clip one on your collar, start walking, and the signal reaches the camera cleanly. The 32-bit float recording path means clipping is recoverable in post in ways standard 16-bit audio can't recover from. Three omnidirectional built-in mics handle ambient sound as a backup track. RockSteady 4.0 with HorizonSteady keeps footage level through the normal range of walking, running, and arm movement that vlogging involves, and 50GB of internal storage means you can leave the house without worrying whether you remembered the SD card. Cold resistance down to -20°C is relevant for anyone shooting in winter conditions where other cameras throttle or shut down.

The dual 800-nit OLED screens - 2.5-inch rear and 1.46-inch front - are bright enough to use in direct sunlight, which matters more for vlogging than any spec sheet number. Subject tracking keeps your face centered in frame when you're moving, and the square sensor's 2x lossless zoom works without quality degradation. The SuperNight mode extends usable low-light recording up to 4K/60fps, which is the frame rate most people actually use rather than the slowest setting. Battery life of approximately four hours under the manufacturer's testing conditions translates to real-world shooting sessions that outlast a full day of vlogging without carrying spare cells.

The Osmo Action 6 isn't without trade-offs. The variable aperture adds mechanical complexity that has prompted questions about long-term durability, though no evidence of early failure has emerged in published testing. The macro lens attachment, which enables close-focus shots and the best background separation the camera can produce, is sold separately and disables deeper waterproofing when attached. At its price point, it's a serious tool that demands a serious approach to how you use it.

Summary: The DJI Osmo Action 6 is the strongest action camera for vloggers currently available, combining a variable aperture, the largest sensor in the category, native wireless mic integration, and a square sensor that handles multi-platform content delivery from a single recording session.

GoPro HERO13 Black Review

Best Overall

The GoPro HERO13 Black carries the weight of a decade of development in action camera hardware, and it shows in the details - the mount system, the accessory ecosystem, and HyperSmooth 6.0 stabilization, which still edges out all competitors on benchmark stabilization performance under aggressive movement. The 8:7 tall sensor crops into 16:9, 4:3, 9:16, and 1:1 aspect ratios without resolution loss, giving vertical content the same flexibility the DJI's square sensor provides. 5.3K/60fps and 4K/120fps cover the resolution and slow-motion range most professional vloggers actually use. Burst Slo-Mo at 400fps in 720p captures moments too fast for the eye to follow, though the resolution limitation makes it a specialty tool rather than a primary mode.

The HB-Series lens system is GoPro's best argument for this generation. Auto-detection means you attach a Macro Lens Mod or Ultra Wide Lens Mod and the camera adjusts settings without manual input - no menu diving mid-shoot. The Macro Lens Mod reduces minimum focus distance to 4.3 inches, which is transformative for vlogging: it means holding the camera at a normal arm's length produces a focused, properly framed shot of your face rather than the soft, slightly distant look fixed-focus action cameras produce. Anamorphic lens support adds cinematic aspect ratios for creators who want that format. The expanded mount system - standard GoPro fingers, 1/4-20 thread, and magnetic latch mounting - makes quick repositioning faster than any previous generation.

Where the HERO13 Black has fallen behind its competitors is in low-light performance. The 1/1.9-inch sensor produces noticeably more noise in dim conditions than either the DJI Osmo Action 6 or Insta360 Ace Pro 2, and there's no dedicated low-light mode that matches what those cameras produce. Autofocus behavior also creates friction for vlogging - the camera defaults to focusing on the background when a subject enters the frame, and subject-tracking features aren't as refined as DJI's implementation. Audio options require some engineering: AirPods work as a Bluetooth microphone source, but connecting a professional wireless system requires the Media Mod and a 3.5mm connection, adding bulk and cost. These are concrete limitations for solo creators, not hypothetical concerns.

The new 1900mAh Enduro battery delivers up to 2.5 hours of continuous recording - a real improvement over previous generations. Wi-Fi 6 makes file transfer to phone substantially faster than the Wi-Fi 5 cameras it competes with. The GoPro Quik app handles automatic highlight editing and cloud backup with a subscription, which works seamlessly for people inside the GoPro ecosystem and adds a recurring cost for everyone else. The HERO13 Black rewards commitment to the platform - if you're already running GoPro mounts and accessories, the upgrade path makes sense. For someone starting fresh, the ecosystem advantage matters less than the hardware specs alone.

Summary: The GoPro HERO13 Black is the right choice for creators already in the GoPro ecosystem who need the best available stabilization and a developed lens accessory system. For new buyers, the low-light and autofocus gaps relative to the DJI and Insta360 flagships are worth weighing carefully.

Insta360 Ace Pro 2 Review

Best for Self-facing

The Insta360 Ace Pro 2 was built around a problem that every solo vlogger faces: you can't see what the camera sees while you're in front of it. The flip-up main display - a 2.5-inch, high-brightness LCD that rotates 180 degrees - gives you a front-facing preview that's larger and more detailed than any fixed secondary screen from GoPro or DJI. When framing matters - and in vlogging it always does - seeing a full-size live view rather than a 1.4-inch thumbnail changes how you compose shots. The flip mechanism is reinforced compared to the original Ace Pro, and in testing it handles repeated deployment without obvious wear.

The 1/1.3-inch sensor paired with a dual-chip processing system - one dedicated to denoising, one handling AI features - produces strong image quality across the resolution range. The 8K/30fps headline capability is real, though most vloggers will spend time in 4K/60fps where the camera performs best and file sizes stay manageable. PureVideo low-light mode captures clean footage before sunrise and after sunset that looks good on a phone or laptop screen - on a larger monitor, some processing artifacts become visible in heavy shadows, but this is true of every small-sensor camera pushing low-light performance to its limits. The 157-degree Leica-designed lens has a wider field of view than either the DJI or GoPro standard lenses, which matters for self-facing shots where you want to include environment alongside your face. Active HDR at 4K/60fps handles contrast between sky and shadow that non-HDR modes blow out.

Audio is a genuine strength. The removable wind guard - a physical mesh attachment that clips over the microphone ports - makes an audible difference in moving outdoor conditions. Voice focus processing suppresses background traffic and crowd noise without the metallic quality that plagues purely algorithmic noise reduction. The haptic feedback through the camera body provides tactile confirmation of button presses when the camera is helmet-mounted and you can't hear the click. FreeFrame mode records a square format from which you can export 16:9 or 9:16 in near-4K resolution - similar to what DJI's square sensor offers, though the Ace Pro 2's crop produces slightly lower output resolution per format than the Osmo Action 6's native square.

The Ace Pro 2 is heavier than its competitors at 178g with battery - a noticeable difference when handheld for extended shooting sessions. It's also USB-only connectivity, with no integration for professional wireless mic systems beyond Bluetooth pairing. The Insta360 app works on both iOS and Android without sideloading, which is a genuine advantage over DJI's app situation for Android users. At $399 for the standard bundle with one battery, it's positioned at the same tier as the GoPro HERO13 Black and below the DJI Osmo Action 6 - a strong value relative to what the hardware delivers for vlogging applications.

Summary: The Insta360 Ace Pro 2 is the best-designed action camera for dedicated vlogging, with a flip screen that changes how self-facing footage is framed, solid low-light output, and a physical wind guard that addresses the audio weakness most action cameras ignore.

AKASO Brave 8 Review

Best Budget

The AKASO Brave 8 occupies the price band between budget and flagship - too expensive to be a throwaway purchase, too limited to compete with GoPro and DJI on image quality, but well-equipped enough to cover standard vlogging needs for creators who aren't ready to invest in a premium system. The 1/2-inch sensor records at 4K/60fps with 48MP stills and handles 8K time-lapse, which covers the spec range most casual vloggers actually use. Both a front color screen and a rear 2-inch touchscreen are present, so self-framing is possible without guessing. The waterproof body at 10m depth matches GoPro's standard configuration without requiring a separate housing.

The build quality registers as genuinely premium for the price tier - partly rubber-coated sides, solid port covers, and an overall construction that doesn't feel fragile. In daylight conditions, the video is clean and color-accurate, capturing enough detail for social content and travel vlogging. The dual audio mode - Stereo and Human Voice - provides a basic noise reduction option for vlogging that compresses background sound while boosting vocal presence. It's not as effective as the flagship cameras' processing, and at speed or in wind it shows limitations, but it's a functional starting point. The accessory box that ships with the Brave 8 is comprehensive: handlebar mount, helmet mounts, adhesive bases, and a wireless remote that covers the basic mounting scenarios without extra spend.

In less flattering conditions, the limitations of the sensor and processing become concrete. Low-light footage is serviceable at best - noise appears in shadows, and anything approaching indoor or evening shooting shows the gap between the 1/2-inch sensor and the larger-sensor flagships clearly. The in-camera image stabilization is adequate for walking but doesn't hold up under cycling or running, and the SuperSmooth processing available through the companion app improves this somewhat without matching what GoPro's HyperSmooth or DJI's RockSteady delivers natively. The app itself is functional but slower and less intuitive than either the GoPro or Insta360 equivalents. File transfer takes noticeable time compared to Wi-Fi 6-equipped competitors.

The value calculation for the AKASO Brave 8 changed as flagship cameras dropped in price. When older GoPro Hero 10 and DJI Osmo Action 3 units are available at competitive prices, the Brave 8's position as a budget alternative becomes harder to defend on specifications alone. It makes the most sense for creators who want a new camera with warranty support, a comprehensive accessory kit out of the box, and clear expectations about where the image quality ceiling sits. For that buyer, it delivers a solid, predictable experience.

Summary: The AKASO Brave 8 is a capable camera for outdoor daytime vlogging with a comprehensive accessory package, but its value position has eroded as flagship generation cameras become available at competitive prices. Best for buyers who prioritize new hardware with warranty coverage at a mid-range spend.

WOLFANG GA420 Review

Best Entry-Level Pick

The WOLFANG GA420 earns its place on this list by delivering the core action camera features a beginning vlogger needs at a price that removes the financial barrier to getting started. 4K/60fps video, dual color screens (front LCD and rear touchscreen), 10m native waterproofing, and a 40m waterproof case in the box cover the functional baseline. The 6-axis EIS stabilization handles calm walking and casual movement adequately. An external noise-cancelling microphone ships in the box - not a wireless system, but a physical mic on a cord that clips to the camera and meaningfully improves audio quality over the built-in mics in windy or noisy situations. That's a level of audio consideration you don't typically see from manufacturers at this price.

The aluminum alloy and ABS construction gives the GA420 a more substantial feel than the all-plastic budget cameras it competes with - the mixed-metal hatch design that enables native waterproofing without a separate case is genuinely well-engineered for the price. Two 1350mAh batteries ship in the box, which extends shooting time past what a single-battery camera allows and makes the per-dollar value stronger. Loop recording, time-lapse, slow motion, and drive mode (functioning as a dashcam) cover the use cases most casual vloggers encounter. Wi-Fi file transfer via the iSmart DV2 app handles footage offloading, though transfer speed and app responsiveness don't match the flagship camera ecosystems.

The limitations are structural rather than incidental. The sensor size is unspecified but performs in line with small-sensor action cameras, which means daylight footage is clean and presentable while anything past golden hour introduces visible noise and reduced dynamic range. Stabilization holds up for walking but shows artifact on rougher movement. The companion app is functional without being polished - transfers work, remote control works, but the editing tools are limited and the interface takes time to navigate intuitively. Third-party accessories are difficult to find in comparison to the GoPro ecosystem, though the camera ships with enough hardware to cover basic mounting needs including helmet, bike handlebar, and adhesive mounts.

For the specific buyer the GA420 targets - someone starting a vlog channel, needing hardware that works reliably in daylight conditions, and unable or unwilling to spend flagship prices - it covers the requirement without compromise on the essentials. The price doesn't promise what the flagships deliver, and it doesn't pretend to. Users who go in with calibrated expectations tend to come away satisfied - users who expect GoPro performance for a quarter of the price do not.

Summary: The WOLFANG GA420 is the strongest entry-level option in this guide, shipping with an external mic, two batteries, and a full accessory kit at a price that keeps the camera financially low-risk. Daylight vlogging performance is solid - low-light and stabilization limitations are real and match the price tier.

Action Camera FAQ

What's the difference between action camera stabilization and a gimbal?

Action camera stabilization is electronic - the camera crops into the image and uses gyroscope data to shift the crop in the opposite direction of camera movement, creating a smooth result without moving any physical parts. A gimbal uses motors to physically keep the camera level and still, working on the camera as a whole rather than cropping the image. Gimbals generally produce smoother footage under aggressive movement and don't sacrifice field of view. Electronic stabilization is more convenient - no charging a separate device, no extra bulk, no risk of the gimbal being in the shot. For walking and talking vlogging, electronic stabilization on modern action cameras is adequate. For cycling, running, or high-speed activities, a gimbal produces noticeably better results.

Can action cameras replace a mirrorless camera for vlogging?

For some creators, yes - and the DJI Osmo Action 6 and Insta360 Ace Pro 2 in particular have closed the gap considerably. Action cameras handle stabilization better than most mirrorless cameras without an external gimbal, produce better slow motion at practical resolutions, and survive environmental conditions that would require expensive protection for a mirrorless body. Where mirrorless cameras maintain a clear advantage: background separation from larger sensors and fast lenses, autofocus tracking on moving subjects at distance, audio flexibility with full XLR and 3.5mm support, and image quality in challenging low light. The right answer depends on the specific content - outdoor travel vlogging often works better with an action camera, while studio-style or interview content favors mirrorless.

Is 8K video from an action camera worth it for vlogging?

As a delivery format, no - essentially no viewer platform or consumer display actually delivers 8K content to viewers. Where higher resolution matters is in post-production: shooting at 8K gives you more pixels to crop into when reframing, correcting horizon, or punching in for emphasis without losing 4K output quality. The Insta360 Ace Pro 2's 8K mode is genuinely useful for this, but it restricts stabilization options and frame rates in ways that limit its practical application during active vlogging. Most working vloggers shoot 4K with stabilization enabled and a useful frame rate, then crop in editing when needed. 8K is a capable but specialized tool, not a general upgrade.

How do I get better audio on my action camera vlogs?

The most impactful changes, in order of effectiveness: a physical wind guard (the Insta360 Ace Pro 2 ships with one), a clip-on wireless microphone system (DJI Mic connects natively to the Osmo Action 6 without a receiver), and moving closer to the camera than you think is necessary. Action cameras are wide-angle by default - at selfie-stick distance, your voice arrives quieter and with more ambient sound mixed in than it would with the camera closer to your face. Voice focus modes on cameras that have them (AKASO Brave 8, WOLFANG GA420) add compression and noise reduction that's more effective at conversational volume than at shouting distance. External mics via 3.5mm adapter are available on cameras with that port and work better than any built-in solution in wind or crowd noise situations.

What's the best action camera for vlogging in low light?

The DJI Osmo Action 6 leads on low-light vlogging performance due to its 1/1.1-inch sensor and variable aperture - opening to f/2.0 collects significantly more light than the fixed f/2.5 or f/2.79 apertures on competing cameras. The Insta360 Ace Pro 2's dual denoising chip system processes low-light footage aggressively and produces strong results, particularly in PureVideo mode up to 4K/60fps. Both cameras handle evening and interior shooting adequately for most vlogging contexts. The GoPro HERO13 Black trails both at equivalent ISOs. The AKASO Brave 8 and WOLFANG GA420 show clear sensor noise in anything below well-lit conditions.

Do I need a waterproof case for vlogging?

Every camera in this guide is waterproof without a case - the DJI Osmo Action 6 to 20m, the Insta360 Ace Pro 2 to 12m, and the others to 10m. For outdoor vlogging in rain, near water, or in humid conditions, the native waterproofing is sufficient without any additional housing. Cases extend depth rating for actual underwater shooting and provide lens protection from impacts - relevant for surf content, snorkeling, or any activity where the camera might contact hard surfaces. For standard vlogging use cases, the native waterproofing handles everything a walking, cycling, or hiking vlogger will encounter. Cases reduce touchscreen functionality and make the camera larger, so only add one when the specific activity requires it.

How long do action camera batteries actually last for vlogging?

Manufacturer battery life claims are tested under controlled conditions - usually 1080p at the lowest practical settings with no stabilization or high-drain features running. Real vlogging conditions produce different numbers. At 4K/60fps with stabilization enabled, front screen active, and Wi-Fi on for remote preview, expect 60-90 minutes from most single batteries in this guide. The DJI Osmo Action 6 battery-compatible with Action 5 and Action 4 cells means building a battery library is practical without replacing hardware with each generation. Carrying two or three batteries covers a full day of shooting. The WOLFANG GA420 and GoPro HERO13 Black include a second battery or sell multi-battery kits that address this directly. Cold weather (below 10°C) reduces capacity meaningfully for all lithium cells in the category.

After running these five cameras through the same conditions, two things stand out about the current state of the category. The gap between the budget tier and the flagships is wider than it's been in several years - not in resolution, where the spec sheets look comparable, but in sensor performance, stabilization sophistication, and the audio ecosystem around the camera. The DJI Osmo Action 6 represents a genuine step change for vloggers specifically, with the variable aperture and wireless mic integration solving problems the other cameras paper over rather than address.

The Insta360 Ace Pro 2 is the strongest choice for creators who want the largest self-facing display and spend significant time in front of the camera. The GoPro HERO13 Black makes sense for anyone already running GoPro accessories who needs the best available stabilization. The AKASO Brave 8 and WOLFANG GA420 both work for daylight outdoor content and cover the entry level without pretending to be something they're not - honest cameras for the price, with real limitations worth knowing before purchase.

Pick based on where you'll actually be shooting, not the ideal conditions the specs assume. The best action camera for your vlog is the one that handles your specific lighting, movement, and audio situation reliably - and that answer is different for everyone.